Sentence 

এক বা একাধিক Word শৃঙ্খলভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে যদি একটি সম্পূর্ণ মনের ভাব প্রকাশ করে, তখন তাকে বাংলায় বাক্য এবং ইংরেজিতে Sentence বলে।

যেমন-

(i) The dog is a faithful animal.

(ii) He goes.

(iii) Run.

এখানে প্রথম বাক্যে একাধিক অর্থাৎ ৬টি word ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। দ্বিতীয় বাক্যে ২টি word ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে এবং তৃতীয় বাক্যে ১টি word ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। তৃতীয় বাক্য দ্বারা বুঝা যায় ১টি word দ্বারাও বাক্য সম্ভব। শুধুমাত্র Run শব্দটি (word) দ্বারা কাউকে দৌড়াতে বলা হয়েছে। এভাবে ১টি word দ্বারাও থাকা সম্ভব। যেমন Good, Yes, No, Listen, What, Walk ইত্যাদি।

Kinds of Sentence 

অর্থভেদে Sentence পাঁচ প্রকার। অর্থাৎ প্রকাশভঙ্গির ধরন বা কারো মনোভাব প্রকাশের ওপর ভিত্তি করে Sentence-কে পাচ ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়। 

যথা— 

(i) Assertive Sentence (বিবৃতিমূলক )

(ii) Interrogative Sentence (প্রশ্নবোধক )

(iii) Imperative Sentence (অনুজ্ঞাসুচক)

(iv) Optative Sentence (ইচ্ছা বা আশীর্বাদসূচক বাক্য)

(v) Exclamatory Sentence (বিস্ময়সূচক)

 

গঠনভেদে : গঠনভেদে Sentence-কে আবার তিন ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়। 

যথা :

A. Simple Sentence 

B. Complex Sentence

C. Compound Sentence

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The patriots will always be remembered by people

The patriots are always being remembered

People are always remembered by The patriots

Patriots are always remembered by people.

We are not liked by idle people.
Idle people are not like us.
Idle people are not liked by us.
Idle people are not of our liking.

Assertive Sentence

যে Sentence বা বাক্য দ্বারা সাধারণভাবে কোনো বিবৃতি প্রদান করা হয়, তাকে Assertive Sentence বলে। 

যেমন— I know him very well.

The wind is unfavourable.

Assertive Sentence আবার ২ প্রকার। যথা :

(1) Affirmative Sentence (হ্যাঁ বোধক বাক্য)

The Python moves slowly.

(ii) Negative Sentence (না বোধক বাক্য)

The Python does not move quickly. 

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It is he who is a fool
He is a fool, of course
He is very fool
He is a great fool
It is very nice scenery.
It is a great scenery.
It is a very nice scenery.
The scenery is very nice.
He saw no one in the room .
He did not see someone in the room .
He saw anyone in the room .
He saw someone in the room .
I could fly in the sky .
I would fly in the sky .
I wish I could fly in the sky .
I wish I fly in the sky .
Imperative sentence
Negative sentence
Optative Sentence
Assertive sentence

Interrogative Sentence 

যে sentence বা বাক্য দ্বারা কোনো কিছু জানতে চাওয়া হয় অর্থাৎ প্রশ্ন করা হয়, তাকে Interrogative Sentence বলে।

যেমন—

(i) Do you like tea?

(ii) Where are you going now?

(iii) Does he read a book? 

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Is there any man who doesn't hate war?
Is there any men who doesn't hate war?
Are there any man who doesn't hate war?
Are there any man who doesn't hate war?
Is there any who must die ?
Doesn't any man die ?
Is there any man who will not die ?
Is there any man who does not die ?
Is there little milk in the glass ?
Isn't there little milk in the glass ?
Is there any milk in the glass ?
Isn't there any milk in the glass ?

Imperative Sentence

যে sentence বা বাক্য দ্বারা আদেশ, উপদেশ, অনুরোধ ইত্যাদি প্রকাশ পায়, তাকে Imperative Sentence বলে।

যেমন—

(1) Take care of your health. 

(ii) Let us go out for a walk.

[Note: Imperative Sentence-এ সচরাচর verb দ্বারা বাক্য শুরু হয় । 

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Optative Sentence

যে বাক্য দ্বারা মনের ইচ্ছে বা কামনা, প্রার্থনা এসব বুঝায়, তাকে বলে Optative Sentence। 

যেমন— 

(1) May you live long.

(2) May Allah help you.

(3)May Allah help you. 

(4)May you recover soon.

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You should take care of health
I hope you will be able to get over your tension
May god speed up your recovery
Its better to pay attention to youer daughters studies
Optative Sentence
Exclamatory Sentence
Assertive sentence
none of these
optative sentence
assertive sentence
exclamatory sentence
None of the above

Exclamatory Sentence

যে sentence বা বাক্য দ্বারা মনের আনন্দ, সুখ, দুঃখ, বিস্ময় প্রভৃতি প্রকাশিত হয়, তাকে Exclamatory Sentence বলে।

যেমন—

(1) Hurrah! We have won the match.

(ii) Alas! I am undone.

(iii) How beautiful a bird is! 

(iv) What a sad piece of news it is!

[Note: অবশ্যই স্মরণ রাখতে হবে যে Interrogative Sentence-এর শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন (?) বসবে এবং Exclamatory Sentence-এর পর (What/How দ্বারা শুরু বাক্যে) বিস্ময়সূচক চিহ্ন (!) বসবে এবং Hurrah, Alas, Oh ইত্যাদি দ্বারা শুরু বাক্যে উক্ত শব্দগুলোর পরেই বিস্ময় চিহ্ন (!) ও বাক্যের শেষে ফুল স্টপ (.) বসবে।

What a delicious meal!

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Wow ! I seen you before .
Had I seen you before.
Oh ! I seen you before .
If I seen you before .
If I were an ideal teacher !
How an ideal teacher I was !
What an ideal teacher I was !
If an ideal teacher I am !
How exciting is cricket game !
How an exciting game is cricket !
What an exciting game cricket is !
What an exciting is cricket game !
Would that I were a King !
Would that I was a king !
Would that I am a king !
If I could be a king !

Simple Sentence

একটি মাত্র Subject এবং একটি মাত্র finite verb নিয়ে গঠিত Sentence-কে Simple Sentence বলে।

Everyday we play football.

Killing the bird, the old man brought bad luck to the crew.

The sun having set, we went home.

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He is poor but ,he is honest
Though he is poor, he is honest
In spite of his poverty he is honest
He is poor and honest
In spite of his poverty he is happy
I know that he is rich
He is very weak so that he can not walk
Did he write a letter
He is so weak that walk
He is weak to walk
He is too weak to walk
He is very weak to walk
I know the place where he lives
It is the place where he lives
I know the place of his living
I know this place as he lives here.
I know the place where he lives
It is the place where he lives
I know the place of his living
I know this place as he lives here.

Complex Sentence

একটি Principal clause এবং  এক বা একাধিক sub-ordinate clause নিয়ে গঠিত Sentence-কে  Complex Sentence বলে।

Example: 

He said that he was innocent.

This is the act that a wise man does. 

If you read, you will learn.

[Note: If, although, though, before, after, as, because, since, that, so that, unless, whether, when, where প্রভৃতি দ্বারা complex sentence  যুক্ত হয়। 

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Since a stone is rolling, it gathers no moss.
Though a stone rolls, it gathers no moss.
A stone what rolls gathers no moss.
A stone that rolls gathers no moss.
Simple sentence
Complex Sentence
Compound sentence
Exclamatory sentence
I know what you are
I know who you are
I know who are you
I know what are you
In spite of working hard, you cannot shine in life
Though he works hard,he cannot shine in life
Unless you work hard,you cannot shine in life
Unless you do not work hard,you can,t shine in life
If you do not study hard, you will fail
If you study hard, you will fail
If you not study hard, you will fail
In case of your study hard, you will fail

Compound Sentence

একাধিক Independent principal clause, co- ordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, also, however, moreover, thus, so, therefore, else, as well as, yet, whereas, not only but also, otherwise) দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে, তাকে Compound Sentence বলে।

Example

You are a student, so you have to study well.

Do or die.

The thief saw the police and ran away.

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Govern your passions or they will govern you
The town in which I live is very large
Rain is accompanied by a strong wind
There was one philosopher who close to live in a tub
Move an inch and you will die
If you move an inch, you will die
In case of your moving an inch, you will die
In the event of your moving an inch,you will die
He worked very hard but he could not succeed in life
He worked very hard and he succeeded in life
He worked very hard in order to succeed in life
He wanted to succeed in life and so he worked very hard
simple sentence
compound sentence
complex sentence
phrase
Please, contribute to add content into Negative Sentence.
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